[RoR] Ruby on Rails Cheat Sheet : 월풍도원(月風道院)

Ruby on Rails Cheat Sheet

rails 데이터 타입

:string, :text, :integer, :float, :decimal, :datetime, :timestamp, :time, :date, :binary, :boolean

Rails Mimetype

"./." => :all "text/plain" => :text "text/html" => :html "application/xhtml+xml" => :html "text/javascript" => :js "application/javascript" => :js "application/x-javascript" => :js "text/calendar" => :ics "text/csv" => :csv "application/xml" => :xml "text/xml" => :xml "application/x-xml" => :xml "text/yaml" => :yaml "application/x-yaml" => :yaml "application/rss+xml" => :rss "application/atom+xml" => :atom "application/json" => :json "text/x-json" => :json

bundle asset precompile

bundle exec rake assets:precompile RAILS_ENV="production" rake assets:clean< add below code if you want development environment with out precompile config.serve.static.assets = false application.rb use Bundler.require(:default, :assets, Rails.env) instead of Bundler.require(*Rails.groups(:assets => %w(development test)))

compile assets locally

Put below into development.rb config.assets.prefix = "/temp-assets" Also put below into application.rb config.assets.initialize.on.precompile = false

rails logger

Rails.logger.info "My info message" Rails.logger.debug "My debugging message" Rails.logger.warn "My warning message"

Environment Log level

config.log_level = :debug, :info, :warn, :error, and :fatal

Validation text length CR filter

before.validation :replace.cr protected def replace.cr if self.description.changed? self.description.gsub!(/\r\n?/, "\n") end end

validation locale

// config/locales/en.yml en: activerecord: attributes: user: email: "E-mail address" errors: models: user: attributes: email: blank: "is required" If you are using mongoid, replace activerecord: with mongoid:

Validate associated

The answer to this turned out to be rather simple. On the parent model, you simply explicitly declare that you want the associated children validated. parent.rb validates_associated :children

Validate if persisted? or new_record?

validates.uniqueness.of :nickname, :message => I18n.t("user.already.taken"), :if => :new.record? validates.uniqueness.of :nickname, :message => I18n.t("user.already_taken"), :unless => :persisted?

Session Store in rails 3

Use the database for sessions instead of the cookie-based default, which shouldn't be used to store highly confidential information Create the session table with rake db:sessions:create Run the migration rake db:migrate Make sure you also tell rails to use ActiveRecord to manage your sessions too. Rails 3 config/initializers/session.store.rb: Rails.application.config.session.store :active.record.store

DB Migrate Production

rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV="production"

get rails environment

Rails.env env["SERVER_NAME"]

rails template

rake print --silent RECIPES=jquery,haml,rspec,cucumber,guard,mongoid,action.mailer,devise,add.user,home.page,home.page.users,seed.database,users.page,css.setup,application.layout,html5,navigation,cleanup,ban.spiders,extras,git,compass,omniauth,omniauth.email,backbone > ~/Desktop/backbone.template.txt Could you please run it again using the "-T -O -J" flags? As in rails new template_test -m https://github.com/fortuity/rails3-application-templates/raw/master/rails3-mongoid-devise-template.rb -T -O -J http://blog.dominicsayers.com/2011/08/16/howto-use-a-rails-template-from-github-on-windows/

thin start

D:\dev\ruby192\bin\ruby.exe -e $stdout.sync=true;$stderr.sync=true;load($0=ARGV.shift) D:/dev/workspace/baksisi/script/rails server thin -b 127.0.0.1 -p 3002 -e development ruby ./script/rails server thin -b smoke-free-online.de -p 3000 -e development -d thin start

Middle Man

"server" was called incorrectly. Call as "middleman server [-p 4567] [-e development]". "middleman server [-p 4567] [-e development]" instead of "middleman server -p 4567 -e development

DB migration

Rails g migration change.data.type.for.table_column

I18n

locale join

config/application.rb config.i18n.load_path += Dir[Rails.root.join('config', 'locales', '.*', '..{rb,yml}')]

locale path

routes.rb match '/:locale' => "home#index" root :to => "home#index" scope "/:locale" do controller :models do something end resources :models, :only => :show ApplicationController def default.url.options(options = {}) options.merge!({:locale => I18n.locale}) end

Localize

I18n.l Time.now, :format => :short, :locale => :"ko"

Pluralization

ko: pears: zero: ko.zero one: ko.one few: ko.few other: ko.other

generate rake tasks

rails g task namespace task1 task2 rake -T | grep namespace

세션 저장

config.session.store :cookie.store, :key => '.baksisi.session', :domain => :all environment.rb 메일러에 레이아웃을 지정하고 싶다면. DeviseMailer.layout "OMG"

show routes

rake routes

SASS

config/application.rb: config.generators.stylesheet_engine = :sass sass-convert style.sass style.scss

Trouble Shootings

uninitialized constant

file name confirm (if file name capital, it can be occurred.)

guard-livereload error

gem install eventmachine --pre

open-uri.rb file in C:/Ruby1.9.2/lib/ruby/1.9.1/ (of course your path might be different).

http.verify.mode = options[:ssl.verify.mode] || OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY.NONE

[ERROR] V8 is no longer usable

ulimit -v unlimited

CSV Data Handling

http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-1.9.2/libdoc/csv/rdoc/CSV.html

get action information at view

params[:action]

HAML

rails helper using haml def section(name) haml.tag(:div, :class => 'section') do haml.tag(:h2, name) haml.tag(:p, :class => 'section.content') do yield end end end def content.box haml.tag :div, :class => "holder" do haml.tag :div, :class => "top" haml.tag :div, :class => "content" do yield haml.tag :div, :class => "bottom" end end and in haml %html %head %body Maybee some content here. - content.box do Content that goes in the content_box like news or stuff fields_for with index <% @questions.each.with.index do |question,index| %> <% f.fields.for :questions, question do |fq| %> # here you have both the 'question' object and the current 'index' <% end %> <% end %> It’s also possible to specify the instance to be used: <%= form.for @person do |person.form| %> ... <% @person.projects.each do |project| %> <% if project.active? %> <%= person.form.fields.for :projects, project do |project.fields| %> Name: <%= project.fields.text_field :name %> <% end %> <% end %> <% end %> <% end %>

Rails Response

namespace "api" do resources :regions, :defaults => { :format => 'xml' } end Then you should be able to have the following work for your controller methods: class Api::RegionsController < ApplicationController respond.to :xml, :json def index respond.with(@regions = Region.all) end end rescue.from ActionController::MissingFile do |e| # User's browser probably wont display this # Content-Type is application/x-shockwave-flash render :file => File.join(Rails.public.path, '404.html'), :status => 404 end

show details or stream video

def show @media = Media.find params[:id] respond.to do |format| format.html format.flv { send.file @media.path, :disposition => 'inline' } end end render :file => File.join(Rails.public.path, '404.html'), :status => 404, :content.type => 'text/html'

render with variable

render :partial => "my/conejo", :locals => {:my.val => something} render "my/liebre", :my.val => something

scope

default_scope order('id DESC') Model.reorder('') Model.unscoped

render an other action in the controller, in js.

render 'result', :id => @item.id, :format => :js

layout xhr?

class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base layout proc{|c| c.request.xhr? ? false : "application" } end layout :layout.xhr? def layout.xhr? request.xhr? ? false : 'application' end

AJAX Performance stale? and touch



 def show

    @list_item = @list.list_items.find( params[ :id ] )

    if stale?( :etag => @list_item, :last_modified => @list_item.updated_at.utc, :public => true )

      respond_with( @list_item )

    end

  end

  Also instead of the update_list method being called from after_save/destroy you can pass :touch => true to the belongs_to association which will do the same

AJAX Handler - ?xhr

respond_with( @something, :layout => !request.xhr? )

or

respond_to do |wants|

  wants.html do

    if request.xhr?

      render :partial => "items"

    else

      render

    end

  end

end

Asset

exist

YourApp::Application.assets.find_asset("#{asset}.file").nil?

### pathname

<YourAppName>::Application.assets.find_asset('Rails.png').pathname

absolute asset_path in view using helper

"#{request.protocol}#{request.host.with.port}#{asset.path('person/gravatar.default.png')}" "#{request.scheme}://#{request.host.with.port}#{request.script_name}"

Mailer

config

environment/production.rb config.action.mailer.default.url.options = {:host => 'localhost:3000',:locale =>I18n.locale} config.action.mailer.smtp.settings = { :address => "server.addr", :port => 587, :domain => "sever.domain", :user.name => "user.name", :password => "user.password", :authentication => "plain", :enable.starttls.auto => true } config.action.mailer.delivery.method = :smtp config.action.mailer.perform.deliveries = true config.action.mailer.raise.delivery.errors = false config.action.mailer.default :charset => "utf-8"

inline attachement

in mailer

attachments.inline['blank'] = { :data => File.read("#{Rails.root.to.s + '/app/assets/images/blank.png'}"), :mime.type => "image/png", :encoding => "base64" }

in view

if @offer.image.nil? = image.tag( attachments['blank'].url, :id => 'attachement.image', :width => "400", :height => "400")

validates in I18n

%{attribute} - field name %{model} - model name %{count} - count

rescue log

begin ...some code... rescue Exception => e logger.error e.message

Ruby

Iterate

a.each.with.index do |item, index| puts item, b[index] end array.each.slice(3) do |elements| fire.the_event end

Timezone

in client (js): function set.time.zone.offset() { var current.time = new Date(); $.cookie('time.zone', current.time.getTimezoneOffset()); } in Application Controller: before.filter :set.timezone def set.timezone min = request.cookies["time.zone"].to_i Time.zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[-min.minutes] end

DateTime format

%a - The abbreviated weekday name (Sun)   %A - The  full  weekday  name (Sunday) %b - The abbreviated month name (Jan)   %B - The  full  month  name (January) %c - The preferred local date and time representation %d - Day of the month (01..31) %H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23) %I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12) %j - Day of the year (001..366) %m - Month of the year (01..12) %M - Minute of the hour (00..59) %p - Meridian indicator (AM  or PM) %S - Second of the minute (00..60) %U - Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week (00..53) %W - Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week (00..53) %w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6) %x - Preferred representation for the date alone, no time %X - Preferred representation for the time alone, no date %y - Year without a century (00..99) %Y - Year with century %Z - Time zone name %% - Literal ``%'' character t = Time.now t.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y") #=> "Printed on 04/09/2003" t.strftime("at %I:%M%p") #=> "at 08:56AM" datetime seconds, hours, days, weeks, months, and years Add below lines to one of your initializer files, e.g., config/environment.rb: DateTime::DATE.FORMATS[:short]="short %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" Time::DATE.FORMATS[:short] = "short %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" Date::DATE.FORMATS[:short] = "short %Y-%m-%d" modify view: <%= item.create_date.to_s(:short) %> distance_of_time_in_words(from_time, to_time = 0, include_seconds = false, options = {}) today = DateTime.now => #<DateTime: 441799066630193/180000000,-301/1440,2299161> birthday = Date.new(2008, 4, 10) => #<Date: 4909133/2,0,2299161> days_to_go = birthday - today time_until = birthday - today => Rational(22903369807, 180000000) time_until.to_i # get the number of days until my birthday => 127 hours,minutes,seconds,frac = Date.day_fraction.to_time(time_until) [3053, 46, 57, Rational(1057, 180000000)] - mm = (now-la st_cigarette).divmod(Rational(1, 1440))[0] - past.days = mm / 1440 - past.hours = (mm % 1440) / 60 - past_minutes = mm % 60

timezone

def set_api_time_zone utc_offset = current.user.session && current.user.session.user ? current.user.session.user.time.zone.offset.to.i.minutes : 0 user.timezone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[utc.offset] Time.zone = user.timezone if user.timezone Time.zone.today Time.now.to.date # => Thu, 19 May 2011 Time.now.in.time.zone('Melbourne').to_date # => Fri, 20 May 2011 end

Range step

range.step(2) {|x| puts x}

benchmark

require 'benchmark' n = 1000000 def answer1 current.subdomain case current.subdomain when 'www', 'blog', 'foo', 'bar' else nil end end def answer2 current.subdomain nil unless ["www", "blog", "foo", "bar"].include?(current.subdomain) end Benchmark.bmbm do |b| b.report('answer1'){n.times{answer1('bar')}} b.report('answer2'){n.times{answer2('bar')}} end Rehearsal ------------------------------------------- answer1 0.290000 0.000000 0.290000 ( 0.286367) answer2 1.170000 0.000000 1.170000 ( 1.175492) ---------------------------------- total: 1.460000sec user system total real answer1 0.290000 0.000000 0.290000 ( 0.282610) answer2 1.180000 0.000000 1.180000 ( 1.186130) Benchmark.bmbm do |b| b.report('answer1'){n.times{answer1('hello')}} b.report('answer2'){n.times{answer2('hello')}} end Rehearsal ------------------------------------------- answer1 0.250000 0.000000 0.250000 ( 0.252618) answer2 1.100000 0.000000 1.100000 ( 1.091571) ---------------------------------- total: 1.350000sec user system total real answer1 0.250000 0.000000 0.250000 ( 0.251833) answer2 1.090000 0.000000 1.090000 ( 1.090418)

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by 月風